Introduction

This brief document describes the process of sanitizing a laptop according to the Simple Method.

[TIPS. If you'd like to get tips on how to collect unused laptops from your local community, please click here. After the laptop gets sanitized, you can click here to learn different ways to package the laptops to make them ready for traveling to a needy school. If in any of these steps you get stuck during the sanitizing process, you can post your questions in the wall of the Labdoo QA Team so that others can help you.]

Sanitation Steps

The current standard process of sanitizing a laptop is as follows:

1. If the laptop is not already tagged with a Labdoo ID number, please follow the instruction under "tagging a laptop" page. Make sure you print 3 labels and attach two of them to the laptop and one to the AC adapter following the instructions that you will find in the website.
2. Download the Lubuntu 16.04 release from this link (this is a large .iso image):
   http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/16.04/release/lubuntu-16.04-d...

   Note. If your computer is powerful enough and has more than 1GB of memory RAM, you can instead download Ubuntu 16.04 which provides better graphics but requires more computing resources:
   http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/ubuntu-16.04-desktop-i386.iso

   Note. If you prefer to download the previous 14.04 Lubuntu version, you can do so from this link: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/14.04/release/lubuntu-14.04-d...

3. Burn the downloaded file into a CD. Make sure you burn the downloaded file as an ISO image. If you don't know how to do that, you can follow the instructions from any one these links depending on the type of computer your are using to burn the CD:
   (Note: you can either use a CD or a DVD, the burning process is the same. We recommend to use a CD because some older computers do not accept DVD.)
   - Burning a CD using a Windows computer.
   - Burning a CD using an Ubuntu computer.
   - Burning a CD using a Apple/Mac computer.
4. Insert the Lubuntu CD into the laptop you intend to sanitize and boot the laptop from the CD. Upon booting the laptop with the CD, you should see the Linux installation menu. If you don't see it, you need to enter into the bios of the laptop and change the booting order of your computer to make sure it first boots from the CD. For more information on how to configure the bios, see this page.
5. Upon seeing the Lubuntu installation menu, start by selecting the installation language; for instance, choose “English”.
6. Select “Install Lubuntu”.
7. Select the language to be installed in the laptop. If you don't know the destination country, select “English”. If you know the destination country, select that country's language.
8. In the "Wireless" screen, if you have internet connection, you may select the network you use from the list and enter its password. Otherwise, leave it as default.
9. The next window is just to confirm the laptop fit into the minimum Hard Drive requirement. Hit "continue" once.
10. Now we are going to do a small trick to ensure we completely remove any previous private data from the computer. Please press at the same time the keys 'Alt + CTRL + F3'. This will take you to a terminal window. In this terminal window, please enter first the following command: sudo apt-get install coreutils
    [press enter]. Once this command is executed, run this other command: sudo shred /dev/sda -f -v --iterations=2 [press enter]. (If this second command does not work, you can try with 'hda' instead of 'sda', like this: sudo shred /dev/hda -f -v --iterations=2.) This second command launches a process that will run for about 1 hour or so, and overwrites the disk with random values. After this process is done, press at the same time the keys 'Alt + CTRL + F7' to continue the installation process and go to the next step. (Please see the video in this page for a complementary illdustration of this step.)
    Note: If the above does not work, an alternative method is to reboot the computer and select the option "Try Ubuntu" to boot Ubuntu in trial mode. Then once Ubuntu is booted, open a terminal by pressing the keys [Ctrl+Alt+T] at the same time. In this terminal, type the same 'shred' commands described in the previous paragraph. Once the shred process is completed, reboot again and redo all the installation steps again but omitting this step.
11. Select the destination country. If you don't know it, pick the country you are located.
12. Where it says “detect keyboard”, say “No”.
13. In the next screen, pick the country of origin of your keyboard.
14. When it tries to configure the network, press “cancel” (there is no need to do network installation since you have the CD and the updates are installed later).
15. When it asks for the “Your name”, please enter the word “labdoo”.
16. When it asks for the “Your computer name”, please enter the word labdoo with it's Labdoo ID number (eg. labdoo_000003454).
17. When it asks for the “username”, please enter the word “labdoo”.
18. When it asks for the “password”, please enter the word “labdoo”.
19. When it asks for the “Confirm your password”, please enter the word “labdoo”.
20. Select any time zone you want if the system asks you.
21. When it says “Partitioning method”, please say “Guided – use entire disk”.
22. When asked for HTTP proxy information, please leave it empty and just press “Continue”.
23. When it says “Install the GRUB boot loader”, please say “Yes”.
24. When it says “Is the system clock set to UTC”, please say “Yes”.
25. This completes the installation of the basic operating system. Next, reboot the machine and log into the Lubuntu system using the username “labdoo and password “labdoo”. Once you are into the Lubuntu system, Make sure also that the laptop is connected to the Internet, via Ethernet cable or via WIFI. Finally, type ALT+CTRL+t to open a terminal window, and in it, type the following commands:

    sudo apt-get update [and press ENTER]
sudo apt-get install edubuntu-desktop libreoffice [and press ENTER]
sudo apt-get upgrade [and press ENTER]
    The last two commands could take from a few minutes up to an hour or so to complete.

26. Install the Labdoo logo as a background image in your desktop to give it a friendly look. You can download the Labdoo desktop image from this page and then by right-clicking on your computer desktop you can select the option 'Desktop preferences' and install the image.
27. Finally, if you have extra time, you can also install additional educational software (such as an offline version of the Wikipedia, and more educational applications) by following the instructions in this page. This step is not mandatory as the laptop at this point already has a good number of educational applications, but it's a good thing to do if you have that extra time.

What to expect next

Congratulations! You have now successfully completed your laptop drive campaign and sanitized your laptops, so they are now ready to be packed and travel. Please go to the Packaging the laptop for travelling section to learn how to get the laptops ready for dootrips.

• If you are traveling yourself to a school project, you can bring the laptops in your luggage. Try to distribute as many laptops to as many people traveling with you as possible because some countries have a limit on the amount of laptops that can be carried per person.
• If you are not traveling, then get in touch with one of the Labdoo hubs (for instance, one which is closest to you) from the hubs list. The Labdoo hub will help you decide which school your laptop should be sent to and it will also help you get in touch with the travelers going to that school so the laptops can be picked up from you.

There are two different advanced methods. The 'Advanced Method (Without Network)' will allow you to clone Labdoo laptops from your USB or DVD drive and without the need to use a network. The 'Advanced Method (With Network)' will allow you to clone Labdoo laptops from a server and over the network.

Please notice that these methods are mutually exclusive. Choose one method or the other, depending on your preferences and resources.

If you have any questions, remember that you can write them to the Labdoo quality assurance team wall and someone will provide the answers.

Choosing the Right Labdoo Images for your Computer

Both advanced methods use Labdoo images to install the complete operating system and educational packages. Use the following table to choose the correct image depending on your computer.

Figure. Choose your Labdoo image by following these steps.

The donated used laptops often come dirty in appearance. After making sure the laptop is not broken, the next step to take is to clean the laptop case.

Here's how to properly cleaning a laptop.

What you need are: some soft clothes, a small bottle of 91% isopropyl alcohol, a box of cotton swabs

LCD Screen
LCD screens are pretty delicate, and you don't want to press hard on them, because that can burn out the pixels. Instead, grab a dry soft cloth and gently wipe the screen. If you need to, add a little bit of alcohol. In most cases, that should be all you need. Do not use anything paper-based, like paper towel, Kleenex, or toilet paper, since it can scratch up your screen.

Keyboard
Clean dirty keys with a swab of rubbing alcohol to remove oil, grime, and germs. Don't forget to turn the laptop's power off before you start cleaning.

Warnings: Isopropyl alcohol vapor is more dense than air and is highly flammable with a very wide combustible range. It should be kept away from heat and open flame.

All laptops use Direct Current (DC) power to operate. DC is electrical energy that flows consistently in one direction. Our wall outlets use Alternating Current (AC) , which varies constantly, but results in a positive flow of current. Laptops can't work on this kind of power, so an AC adapter is required to convert the wall outlet's current to DC power. Many laptops use different styles of connectors so it can be hard to find the best adapter to fit.

There are several ways to find a right power adapter for the laptop

1. Get the laptop's model number and check online.
2. Get the power requirements for the laptop. Look for the amperage and the voltage required. You also need to compare the connector head type of power adapter with the outlet hole on the laptop.They need to match to ensure that the adapter can plug into the laptop.

Voltage (V)
Voltage is the amount of potential energy between two points on a circuit which creates power to charge the laptop. If the voltage of the laptop is different from that provided by the adapter, it won't be able to create the correct charge needed to pull the electrical energy into the laptop. Finding the right voltage is also very important to keeping the power from shorting out the laptop. A voltage that's too high will overload the laptop's circuits.

Amperage (A)
An ampere is a unit of measure of the rate of electron flow or current in an electrical conductor. The amperage on laptop power adapters needs to match or exceed the amperage required by the laptop.

RACHEL is a free collection of educational content in English and Spanish. It includes powerful packages such as Wikipedia, Khan Academy, Edison for Robotics, CK-12 Textbooks, UNESCO's IICBA Electronic Library, MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, Great Books of the World, OLPC Educational Packages, or MIT Scratch, among many others. To get an overview of what the package includes, please refer to the project's main page at http://rachelfriends.org/ (Download Wikis also http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/rachelmods.pl). A live demo of the package can also be accessed from http://www.rachel.worldpossible.org/.

Rachel occupies about 20-25GB of disk space and it is recommended to install only on disk drives of 50GB or higher.

If you sanitized your laptop using the advanced method and choosing an image that comes with RACHEL preloaded, there is nothing else you will need to do as you will be able to enjoy RACHEL directly out of the box. Otherwise, if you sanitized your laptop using the simple method, then continue reading to manually do the installation.

To install RACHEL, first you need to download the package into your local disk. You can choose to download it from either the RACHEL server http://rachelfriends.org/ or from the Labdoo FTP server http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/.

RACHEL and other related educational content in English (EN), French (FR), Spanish (ES), Hindi (HI), German (DE), Portugese (PT): can be downloaded from here: http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis

Installing RACHEL on a Laptop
Once you have downloaded RACHEL, unzip it in a new folder /home/labdoo/Public/wikis (the downloading and unzipping operations could take some time depending on the speed of your network and computer). Once unzipped, double click on the file /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/EN/RACHEL-EN/www/starthere.html to open a web browser that will take you to the start page of RACHEL.

Note. The first folder "Wikipedia for Schools" is equivalent to the Xowa package; hence, if your Labdoo laptop already has Xowa installed, you can remove this folder from RACHEL, which will give you back 6,5 GB of disk space.

To make access for users easier, we recommend to make the default web browser page point to RACHEL's initial page. For that, open the web browser (this instructions are for Firefox but similar steps apply to other browsers) and go to:

File => Open File [ navigate to
/home/labdoo/Public/wikis/bin/www/starthere.html ] => Open

Then go to:

Edit => Preferences [ opens a window for the settings,
click on "Use current Pages" and close the tab "Preferences" ]

Please repeat any of the configuration steps for both the 'labdoo' and the 'student' users.

Installing RACHEL on a Tablet

The RACHEL package includes also an installation file for Android (apk file): http://rachelfriends.org/downloads/public_ftp/z-rachelandroid_APK/. Notice however that as long as you read the RACHEL content in a web browser from a tablet, it is not necessary to install this apk-file. That means that you can just copy and unzip the RACHEL file to the tablet and open the file "starthere.html" from the tablet's web browser. With this method, you can use RACHEL with any tablet (not just Android) just by using the tablet's web browser. Some tablets may not have enough built-in disk space to store RACHEL. If that's the case, you will need to include an external storage card and install RACHEL in it.

Note. RACHEL is much more than just content for a web browser as it also includes executable files. Some of these executable files may not be compatible with the Labdoo operating system. However, these additional programs do not take much disk space, and hence we recommend to leave them where they are so that schools abroad can still have the option to copy these tools to other compatible platforms and use them.

In addition to installing the base Edubuntu education package, users are encouraged to also install a set of additional valuable education resources. These additional resources are installed by executing a set of scripts through a simple process described in this section. If you have questions or suggestions please write your messages directly in the Labdoo QA Team Wall.

List of Available Scripts

All Labdoo scripts can be downloaded from the FTP server http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/
To execute a script the computer must be connected to the Internet.

Recommended scripts:

• installscript-content.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/installscript-conte...
  This script installs educational content including offline wikis (Xowa), license-free educational content, English eBooks, and multimedia language courses for English. Usage of an external USB-disk or USB-stick requires storage of 16 GB.
• installscript-software.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/installscript-softw...
  This script installs additional software, including barrier free access for handicapped users, tools, and virus scanner among others.

Additional helpful scripts (optional):

• installscript-codecs.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/installscript-codec...
  This script installs codecs and multimedia software for audio and video. Please ensure the legal situation in your country to install these packages.
• set-rights-folder-files-Public-correct.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/set-rights-folder-f...
  This script sets the rights to folder /home/labdoo/Public, so that the student users will have access to the content in this folder as well
• check_cpu_32_or_64_bits_PAE_or_nonPAE.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/check_cpu_32_or_64_...
  This script will tell you which type of CPU is installed in your computer (it does not include any educational software.)

Scripts for special usages (usually only for experienced users):

• installscript-xowa.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/installscript-xowa.sh
  This script installs the offline wiki tool Xowa and sets proper folder rights
• installscript-desktops.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/installscript-deskt...
  This script installs additional desktops (user interface, GUI) as Unity and Gnome. They require more hardware resources such as bigger memory
• installscript-virtualbox.sh
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/installscript-virtu...
  This script installs VirtualBox, a tool to run Windows or other guest operating systems on top of the host Linux system. Requires a minimum of 2 GB RAM and Dual Core CPU is recommended plus a legal license.
• 'childsplay bug fix.txt'
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/childsplay%20bug%20...
  This file is only needed if the application Childsplay does not start and provides an explanation on how to fix this bug (only needed if you are running Lubuntu 12.04 LTS, fixed in 14.04 LTS
• delete-xowa-log-folder.txt
  http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/delete-xowa-log-fol...
  Use this execute in a terminal if you want to produce images for cloning by yourself and Xowa is part of the image)

The following steps describe how to install a script.

Step 1. Download a Script
- From a Labdoo laptop, open the web browser and go to this link: http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/
- Right click with your mouse on the link of the script that you want to install.
- Select "Save link as" and save the file in the desktop of a Labdoo laptop (/home/labdoo/Desktop).

Step 2. Execute a Script
Open a terminal (press CTRL + Alt + T at the same time) and execute the following commands:

cd ~/Desktop
ls
chmod u+x ./installscript-content.sh
sudo ./installscript-content.sh

(change the script 'installscript-content.sh' for the name of the script you want to install.)

This will run the script and automatically install a new education software package.

Hint. Some scripts will ask for passwords or settings through the installation process. Please keep an eye on the screen to provide the necessary inputs.

Hint. Some scripts are fast, some need hours. It depends on the speed of your internal connection and on the speed of the laptop.

The Tool Xowa allows access to more than 800 offline wikis so that children can read knowledge content even when they don't have access to the Internet. Remember that Xowa comes already pre-installed if you use the advanced sanitation guide. Otherwise, if you used the simple sanitation guide, you can manually install Xowa using the scripts as explained in this page.

Download XOWA as a zipped file from the Labdoo FTP server

Please check first if the needed Xowa wiki bundle is available as a tar.gz file from our FTP server http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/xowa-wikis/. If not, send an email to Labdoo-DACH@Labdoo.org and we will try to prepare and upload the Xowa wiki bundle you need.

Once you download the tar.gz file from the FTP server above, please unzip it into the folder ~/home/labdoo/Public/xowa/wiki. Then run the script set-rights-folder-files-Public-correct.sh from http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/ (you can download this file and double-click on it) to allow access for all users.

Alternatively, if you want to download and install XOWA by yourself, there are 2 ways:

• Version 1: only text, no pictures and no graphics (use this one if you have a small hard drive)
• Version 2: includes version 1 plus linked pictures and graphics (recommended, as it is more user-friendly and informative, although it needs more disk space)

After you have installed Xowa, you can start it by double clicking on the Xowa starter icon that you will find in the laptop desktop.

There are 2 ways to install a specific wiki part of the Xowa suite. Scroll down the main page of Xowa, so you see "Links":

• Import Online (supports version 1): Click in the column 'set up' on the Download link to start the download, which might last for some hours.
• Import Offline (supports versions 1 and 2): This is the recommended method. We recommend to download by script -> select the needed wiki and language -> Category system: version 2 -> Import: click on Generate script -> repeat until your scripts contains all the needed wikis and then click on "Run script".

  A word of caution. Not every wiki is available in all languages, e.g. often wikivoyage is missing. When running an Offline Import you are able to select a non existing wiki and generate a script entry, but the script will crash when executing. So please check if a certain wiki exists first. Here is a trick on how to easily check: open 2 tabs on your browser (file -> New tab); use one tab to watch the online Import table, and the other tab to watch the offline import page; in the online page you are able to search for the needed language and wiki and quickly see if a certain wiki exists.

Matching Wiki Versions

The Xowa wikis can only be run with the same Xowa release that was used to download them. Labdoo updates Xowa every 6 months (in the beginning and in the middle of a year) to minimize the work for downloading wikis. So if you download new wikis at home and want to take a USB stick to an Edoovillage, ensure you do that with the same Xowa version that was installed in the laptops deployed at that Edoovillage.

Enabling Arbitrary Access to the Xowa Folder
Initially, only the default user 'labdoo' can access the manually installed Xowa wikis. To enable access for any other users, you can use a a script that you will also find in the desktop. This script is called set-rights-folder-files-Public-correct.sh (see this page). Please run this script every time educational content is installed in the folder /Public. The script starts without further input, runs for about 1 - 5 minutes, depending on the computer, and closes automatically.

BOKS is a set of classes designed to help lift communities out of poverty. It involves the cumulative knowledge of doctors, nutritionists and agricultural experts who have worked among the world's poor, and pooling that information into a practical, and easy-to-use video curriculum.

Thanks to ISOM.org for granting Labdoo the right to freely distribute this curriculum with the Labdoo laptops. You can watch a brief class introductory on the video below

You may download the zip file of the classes to be installed in your Labdoo laptops; however, please do not distribute this class material otherwise without prior consents from ISOM.org directly in order to avoid violating copyright laws.

We have BOKS in 4 different languages: English, Spanish, Chinese and Swahili.

Some of the classes combine Christian teachings to help people overcome certain physical challenges; we have added a (C) in front of those classes. Please respect the laptop recipient school's cultural background and install the classes with care. Thank you!

Class Descriptions:
=================
01. BASIC HYGIENE AND HEALTH
(C)1. The Importance of Safe Drinking Water (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
(C)2. How to Build Sufficient Latrines (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
3. Water Purification and the Moringa Tree (Beth Doerr)
4. Smokeless Cooking and Alternative Fuels (Beth Doerr)
02. BASIC MEDICAL PREVENTION AND CARE
1. How to Prevent and Treat Malaria (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
2. How to Prevent and Treat Diarrhea (Dr Daniel Fountain)
3. How to Prevent HIV (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
4. Caring for Sick Patients at Home (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
5. Overview of the AIDS Problem (Dr. Carolyn Klaus)
6. AIDS Prevention, Education and Treatment (Dr. Carolyn Klaus)
7. How People Who Have AIDS, Can Live with Those Who Don't (Dr. Carolyn Klaus)
(C)8. Latrines: How to Practically Help People Who are Suffering with AIDS (Dr. Carolyn Klaus)
03. BASIC DENTAL CARE
1. A Dental Overview (Dr. Brent Wong)
2. Proper Oral Hygiene (Dr. Brent Wong)
04. FAMILY HEALTH
1. Guarding Your Family's Health through Good Nutrition (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
2. Building a Strong Marriage (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
(C)3. Healthy Sexual Behavior (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
(C)4. Teaching Children — Part One (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
(C)5. Teaching Children — Part Two (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
05. BASIC AGRICULTURE AND FARMING
1. Caring for Your Land (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
2. Overcoming Poverty through Effective Farming Techniques (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
3. Reforestation (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
4. How to Prevent Erosion from Destroying your Farm(Dr. Daniel Fountain)
5. Effective Methods for Raising Animals (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
6. Composting (Larry Yarger)
7. Rooftop Farming (Dr. Tim Motis)
06.PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
1. Pregnancy Overview (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
2. Meeting the Needs of Pregnant Women (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
3. Childbirth (Dr Daniel Fountain)
4. Overcoming Pregnancy Complications (Dr. Daniel Fountain)
07.CHILD DEVELOPMENT
1. Nutrition (Dr. Michelle Shwinandan)
2. Immunization and Hygiene (Dr. Michelle Shwinandan)
3. Infant Development (Dr. Michelle Shwinandan)
(C)4. Toddler Development (Dr. Michelle Shwinandan)
08. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
1. Menstruation (Dr. Vanessa Reynolds)
2. Menopause (Dr. Vanessa Reynolds)
09. FOUNDATIONS and STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT
1-4. The 10 Seed Principle (4 sessions) (Dr. Ravi layakaran)
10. EFFECTIVE LIVESTOCK CARE (English Version Only)
1. Pens and Grazing Locations (Dr. Peter Quesenberry )
2. Clean Living Conditions (Dr. Peter Quesenberry )
3. Disease Prevention (Dr. Peter Quesenberry )
4. Examination of a Cow (Dr. Peter Quesenberry )
5. General Livestock Examination (Dr. Fred Gardner)
6. Animal Restraint Techniques (Drs. Quesenberry/Gardner)
7. Wound Treatment (Drs. Quesenberry/Gardner)
8. Internal and External Parasites (Dr. Peter Quesenberry )
9. The Basics of Animal Nutrition (Dr. Peter Quesenberry )
10. Fractures and Lameness (Drs. Quesenberry/Gardner)
11. Making Local Medicines (Dr Jean Reed)
12. Emergency First Aid (Dr Peter Quesenberry )
13. Working with the Local Community (Dr Jean Reed)

Introduction

Wikipedia for Schools is a free subset of educational wikipedia content for children and schools. It follows the British curriculum for schools and is available in the languages of English (Release 2008 and 2013), Spanish, French and Portuguese. The English wikipedia for schools is part of the English RACHEL collection too.

Wikipedia for schools occupies about 6.5GB of disk space, except for the English Release 2008 which occupies about 2.5GB.

To install Wikipedia for schools, first download the package into your local disk. You can download the file in the required language from the Labdoo FTP server at http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/. Open the language folder you need (e.g. EN for English) and download the archive *wikipedia_for_schools* you need.

Installing Wikipedia for schools on a Labdoo laptop

Once you have downloaded the file, unzip it in the folder /home/labdoo/Public/wikis (the downloading and unzipping operations could take some time depending on the speed of your network and computer). Once unzipped, double click on the file file /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/xx/xx-wikipedia-for-schools/index.html (where xx is the country / language code ) to open a web browser that will take you to the initial page of wikipedia for schools.

To make access easier, we recommend to make the default web browser page point to the Wikipedia for Schools initial page. For that, open the web browser (this instructions are for Firefox but similar steps apply to other browsers) and go to File => Open File [ navigate to /home/labdoo/Public/xx/xx-wikipedia-for-schools/index.html ] => Open. Then go to Edit => Preferences [ opens a window for the settings, click on "Use current Pages" and close the tab "Preferences" ] . Please repeat any of the configuration steps for both the 'labdoo' and the 'student' user accounts that come with the Labdoo computer.

This page will find an overview and a list of available educational content in various languages, which can be downloaded from our FTP server http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive.

Most educational content was taken from KHAN Academy and RACHEL project. Beside some manuals and video tutorials the Labdoo images for cloning come without any content! So you are able to choose and install the best content for your school / project, depending on the language(s) spoken, age, request and size of your disc drive.

Of cause you can also browse through the above mentioned World Possible web-site and download the content you need using rsync tool. But not everybody knows how to use that tool. We prepared the content, which can be viewed in any browser easily, but dropped the content, needing a server or database installation.

Preparation

• Create a folder according the language(s) you need, e.g. /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/EN for English and so on,
• Download the index-file from and into the language folder you are working on, e.g. /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/EN/index-en.html,
• open this index-file in a tab of the browser of your choice, e.g. Firefox, and save the tabs in the settings of your browser, so it will be opened and shown to the students at a school when starting the browser.

Download archive(s) and unzip to content folder

• Download and unzip the archive(s) to the folder /Public/wikis/xx (xx = language code, e.g. EN, DE, FR, ES etc.) of user labdoo. You can download the archive(s) you need, just right mouse click and "save as",
• unzip here and delete the archive, once it is unzipped.
• When you run several installation please save the archives on a local server or external USB disc drive, so you do not have to download each time each file again.

Due to the amount of the content you have to pre-select the content you are going to install, may-be discuss the best content with the school or project partner. Or you copy the archives to an external device and the traveller/dootripper takes it to the school, so they can decide on site which content to use best.

[An installation tool to allow an easy content installation is under development, but not available yet.]

Wiki/Content folder http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive

RACHEL / wikis collection

• English (en): http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/

English RACHEL Collection (20 GB)
http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-rachel.tar.gz

The below listed English content is NOT part of the English RACHEL, so please decide if and what to use for your project:

Suggested path to copy and unpack the English content archives to: /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/EN

Hint: Copy the file http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/index-en.html into the above mentioned directory. Open this file in any browser and you will find a list and links of all the content, after unpacking it into the above mentioned directory

African Children Story book http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-afristory.tar.gz (start file depends on the name of language(s): [name_of_language].html or index.html for English plus South-African languages) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=45
Algebra for Beginners: http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-algebra2go.tar.gz (start file: /pagefiles/index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=111
Cat and dog children books: http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-catdogbooks.tar.gz (start file: /CatDog.html) More details: http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=120
Educational content Pre-School - class 8) http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-coreknowledge.ta... (start file: /CoreKnowledge.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=119
Adults books and videos to learn reading http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-fantasticphonics... (start file: /content/index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=123
Pre-School books and videos to learn reading http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-fantasticphonics... (start file: /content/index.html) More details: http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=124
125+ computer and software tutorials by LearnFree.org, including MS-Office and Windows (2015) http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-GCF2015.tar.gz (start file: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=37
High quality books for beginning readers http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-mustardseedbooks... (start file: /MustardSeedBooks.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=117
College Credit Courses from World Possible http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-rachelcourses.ta... (start file: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=103
training material Tanzanian exams http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-tanzanian_exams.... (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=110
training material The West African Senior School Certificate Examination http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/EN/en-wassce.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=104

• Spanish (es): http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/

Spanish RACHEL collection
http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/es-rachel.tar.gz (start page: /RACHEL-ES/www/index.html)
Attention: The Spanish Wikipedia for Schools link inside the Spanish RACHEL does not work. Please install this wikipedia in addition, thank you.

The below listed Spanish content is NOT part of the Spanish RACHEL, so please decide if and what to use for your project:

Suggested path to copy and unpack the Spanish content archives to: /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/ES

Hint: opy the file http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/index-es.html into the above mentioned directory. Open this file in any browser and you will find a list and links of all the content, after unpacking it into the above mentioned directory

Biblioteca de Latino América http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/es-biblioteca.tar.gz (start page: /index.html)) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=30
Currículum Nacional Base Guatemala http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/es-cnbguatemala.tar.gz (start page: /content/index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=28
Aplicaciones Educativas para el Aula http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/es-educalab.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=62
Mustard Seed Children Books en Español http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/ES/es-mustardseedbooks... (start page: /MustardSeedBooksSP.html http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=118

• French (fr): http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/

There is no French RACHEL collection, so you have to install/use the needed content from the list below:

Suggested path to copy and unpack the French content archives to: /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/FR

Hint: Copy the file http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/index-fr.html into the above mentioned directory. Open this file in any browser and you will find a list and links of all the content, after unpacking it into the above mentioned directory.

Hand painted children books from a Congolese artist http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/fr-afrique-marie-wa... (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=126
Chat et Chien / Dog and Cat (FR) books http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/fr-catdogbooks.tar.gz (start page: /CatDogFR.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=121
La Bibliothèque électronique du Québec http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/fr-ebooksgratuits.zip (start page: /beq.ebooksgratuits.com/index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=82
Haïti Futur- Vidéos de sciences expérimentales http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/fr-haitifutur.zip (start page: /www.haitifutur.com/ressources/videos/index.html) http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=83
Khan Academy - Plus de 2000 vidéos sur les mathématiques et la science (FR) http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/FR/fr-kaos.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=31

• German / Deutsch (DE) http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/DE/

We collected video tutorials, homepage and wiki content to learn German language offline.
Wir haben Videos sowie die Inhalte von Homepages und Wikis gesammelt, damit man auch offline Deutsch lernen kann.

Suggested path to copy and unpack the German content archives to / Empfohlener Pfad zum Entpacken der Deutschsprachigen Lerninhalte: /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/DE

Tipp: Kopiert die Datei http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/DE/index-de.html in das o.a. Verzeichnis. Öffnet diese Index-Datei in einem Browser und ihr findet die Links zu den u.a. Lerninhalten, nachdem ihr diese im gleichen Ordner entpackt habt.

Khan Academy Deutschsprachige Lernvideos Mathematik Mehr als 300 Videos für Mathematik, von Rechnen bis einfache Algebra. http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/DE/de-kaos.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=40
Khan Academy Deutschsprachige Lernvideos Mathematik http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/DE/deutschalsfremdspra... (start page: /index.html)
Arabische Lernvideos Deutschkurs von Deiaa Abdullah http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/DE/Deiaa-Abdullah-Deut... (es gibt keine HTML Startseite, Zugang über Datei-Explorer oder die u.a. Datei index-de.html)
Materialien für Deutschkurse und Informationen der Bundesregierung http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/DE/RefugeeGuide.tar.gz (es gibt keine HTML Startseite, Zugang über Datei-Explorer oder die o.a. Datei index-de.html)

• Arabic (AR): http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/AR/

Suggested path to copy and unpack the Arabic content archives to: /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/AR

Arabic video tutorials Khan Academy لعربية أكثر من 1800 أشرطة الفيديو على الرياضيات والعلوم، من الأساسي إلى مرحلة متقدمة. جميع محتوى خان أكاديمية متاح مجانا على www.khanacademy.org . http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/AR/ar-kaos.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=106
as before, but high resolution videos http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/AR/ar-kaos-big.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details: http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=107

• Portuguese (PT) http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/PT/

Suggested path to copy and unpack the Portuguese content archives to: /home/labdoo/Public/wikis/PT

Khan Academy Portuguese video tutorials http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/wiki-archive/wikis/PT/pt-kaos.tar.gz (start page: /index.html) More details http://dev.worldpossible.org/cgi/viewmod.pl?module_id=32

The Labdoo team and users would like to thank the Khan Academy and Worldpossible.org for publishing the OER Open Educational Resources. In case of any question please send a mail to Labdoo-DACH@Labdoo.org, thank you.

You can also install additional applications directly from your computer by using the Ubuntu Software Center. Once your laptop is booted, log in and click on the menu icon, then click on 'System Tools' and then select 'Ubuntu Software Center'. (This path could be slightly different depending on the version of your Ubuntu/Lubuntu system.) This will open a search engine from where you can look for thousands of applications and from where you can download and install the ones you select. Enjoy the many free educational applications that you will also find in this software data base!

Figure. Install new applications by going to the Ubuntu Software Center. (This view could be slightly different depending on the version of your Ubuntu/Lubuntu system.)

We want to ensure all data stored in every donated computer is properly erased before installing the new operating system. Therefore learning how to properly erase the hard drive is the first step in the laptop sanitation process.

You have 2 options to completely wipe out all previously stored information in the computer (user information as well as all the previously installed softwares and operating system)

Method1: Using Lubuntu disk

1. Boot your laptop with your Lubuntu disk (see the simple sanitation guide to learn how to create a Lubuntu disk)
2. On the Lubuntu menu, select the option 'Try Lubuntu'. This will start Lubuntu on the laptop.
3. Once booted, press at the same time the keys ALT+CTRL+F3. This will take you to a terminal console.
4. In the terminal console, type the following command to ensure that the shred application is available:

   apt-get install coreutils

   (you need to have your laptop connected to the Internet for the above command to succeed)

5. Now type the next command:

   sudo shred /dev/sda -f -v --iterations=2

   If this command does not work, you can try with 'hda' instead of 'sda', like this: sudo shred /dev/hda -f -v --iterations=2.

6. Now wait for about an hour or so for the previous command to complete. At the end of this process, the laptop hard drive will have all of its previous data fully removed. You can now press ALT+CTRL+F7 to return back to the Lubuntu initial screen and turn off the laptop.

Method 2: Using Parted Magic disk

1. Boot your laptop with Parted Magic disk (see Advanced Method(Without Network) to learn how to create a Parted Magic disk)
2. Once booted, click on the bottom ROXT Terminal (xterm icon on the lower right) This will take you to a terminal console.
3. In the terminal console, type the following command to ensure that the shred application is available:
   sudo shred /dev/sda -f -v --iterations=2

   If this command does not work, you can try with 'hda' instead of 'sda', like this: sudo shred /dev/hda -f -v --iterations=2.

4. Now wait for about an hour or so for the previous command to complete. At the end of this process, the laptop hard drive will have all of its previous data fully removed. You can now shutdown the laptop from Parted Magic window.

If you sanitized your laptop via the advanced method, then due to the cloning process, the name of the laptop's bluethooth device will be identical to all clones. To assign a unique name to your device, run the following command on a terminal:

sudo hciconfig hci0 name ’labdoo-XYZ-0'

Where XYZ is the Labdoo ID of the laptop.

If the installed hard disk becomes too small and the computer allows the installation of a 2nd disk, you can configure such 2nd disk to mount automatically during booting time. To do so you have to:

• Press ALT+CTRL+T at the same time to start a terminal, and type the following command to initiate the file manager in superuser mode: sudo pcmanfm & (enter).
• Navigate to the folder /mnt and create inside it a new folder with the name of the 2nd disk.
• Get the UUID (ID of the disk-drive) of the 2nd disk by typing the command sudo blkid, search for your 2nd drive in the list and write down its UUID.
• Type the following command to edit the fstab file: sudo nano /etc/fstab [Enter]
• Add at the end of the fstab file a new line as follows (in one single line):
  UUID=[add here the UUID of the 2nd disk you wrote down above]
/mnt/[add here the name of the 2nd disk folder you created above] auto defaults 0 0
  (Make sure to leave a space character between each entry)
  Leave the file editor by pressing CTRL+X then Y (to save) and [Enter].
• Optionally, to allow access for all users to your 2nd disk do as follows: Open your file manager in superuser mode again sudo pcmanfm &, go to your 2nd disk folder and right click on it with your mouse. Under properties, select "Access rights for others", check the "Allow create or delete new files / folders", and then "Apply to all folders".

Re-boot your computer. The new disk should be automatically mounted.

If you have a printer directly connected to your Labdoo computer (via USB or a Centronics cable), you can share access to the printer from other computers via a local network. To do so you need to use CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) as follows.

Configuring the Labdoo computer attached to the printer:

• Open the web browser and type the URL address http://localhost:631
• On the admin page http://localhost:631/admin/ select “Share printers connected to this system”.
• Select under ”Printers” the connected printer.
• Click on the menu “Administration” and on “Printer”.
• Leave “Actual connection” unchanged → Proceed → select “Allow access to this printer / share”.
• Optional: add a name for the place of installation → Proceed → Change settings.

Showing the printer on other Labdoo computers connected via the network:

• Open the web browser and type the URL address http://localhost:631/admin
• Select the option “Show printers shared by other systems” → Change settings.

After this you should see the printer in the menu “Printer". Maybe you have to wait a little bit before the printer is shown or re-load the page http://localhost:631/admin/.

How to change the booting order of a laptop from the bios

BIOS (Basic Input Output Subsystem) is a programmable chip that controls how information is passed to various devices in the computer system. A typical method to access the BIOS settings screen is to press ESC, F1, F2, F8 or F10 right after you start your computer.

BIOS settings allow you to run a boot sequence from a hard drive, a CD-ROM drive, the network, or an external device. You may configure the order that your computer searches these physical devices for the boot sequence.

The first device in the order list has the first boot priority. To install the Labdoo software you will need to ensure the CD-ROM, the USB or the network (depending on which method you use to install the software) are given the highest booting priority.

Note: in the case of a USB installation, before you set boot priority for the USB device, plug the device into a USB port to ensure the BIOS will be able to detect it.

To specify the boot sequence:

1. Start the computer and press ESC, F1, F2, F8 or F10 (depending on the BIOS manufacturer, try them all if needed) multiple times during the initial startup screen. A menu may appear.
2. Choose to enter BIOS setup. The BIOS setup utility page appears.
3. Use the arrow keys to select the BOOT tab. System devices appear in order of priority.
4. To give the CD/DVD, the USB or the Network the highest boot sequence priority, move such device to the first position in the list.
5. Save and exit the BIOS setup utility.
6. The computer will restart and will initiate its booting process by looking first at the device you gave the highest priority, allowing you to install the Labdoo software.

Figure. Illustration of the BIOS boot menu where you can change the booting order.

Troubleshooting potential issues with the bios.

In some rare cases the BIOS could be reset during the process of deleting the hard drive information from the system, or some times older laptops do not support internal and/or external USB keyboards during the booting process. It might happen that you are not able to use the arrow keys (up, down, right, left) to configure the BIOS. In such cases the USB control (and sometimes the internal keyboard) was deactivated. A possible solution is to connect an external PS/2 or USB keyboard, and continue to install or adjust the BIOS.

Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS) is a program/framework that enables generating Linux kernel modules whose sources generally reside outside the kernel source tree. The concept is to have DKMS modules automatically rebuilt when a new kernel is installed.

An essential feature of DKMS is that it automatically recompiles all DKMS modules if a new kernel version is installed. This allows drivers and devices outside of the mainline kernel to continue working after a Linux kernel upgrade.

To install DKMS, do as follows:

- Open a terminal by pressing at the same time the keys ALT + CTRL T
- Type in the following command:
sudo apt-get install build-essential dkms [Enter] + [Password] + [Enter]

Note: DKMS is already installed if you cloned a laptop using the advanced method or if you used the installscript-software.sh.

To check whether a disk has potentially any errors, you can use the Lubuntu tool GSMART. Since it is not installed by default, it must be installed via the Ubuntu Software Center. Select GSMART and install it. After installation, start it and initiate a check. This software includes a quick check (about 10-20 minutes) or a detailed check (about 30 - 60 minutes).

In case you want to check multiple disks, you can use a hard disk adapter. The adapter should support IDE and/or SATA via a USB connection to your laptop.

Please notice that the usage of restricted codecs might depend on local laws. It might be illegal in some countries to install and use certain codecs (commercial/proprietary third-party packages) and multimedia extensions. Check your local regulations first prior to proceeding with the installation of the following software.

As in all software for Ubuntu, there are two ways to do the installation: via the Ubuntu Sofware Center or via the command line.

The installation via the Ubuntu Software Center is as follows. Open the Ubuntu Software Center (or the Synaptic Package Manager) and search for "restricted codecs". Select the package found and click on install. During the installation you will need to accept an EULA license agreement. To have full support to watch DVDs you must also install libdvdcss2 and non-free-codecs from the Medibuntu Repository. Please notice that in Europe these repositories are not allowed to be used. Further information can be read here: http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html

The same installation can be done via the command line through the following steps. Open a terminal by pressing at the same time the keys ALT+CTRL+T. Then type the following commands:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras -y (Enter)
sudo apt-get install non-free-codecs -y (Enter)
sudo apt-get install curl -y (Enter)
curl ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc | (Enter)
sudo apt-key add -echo "deb ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable ./" | (Enter)
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list (Enter)
sudo apt-get update (Enter)

If you have a computer with an Intel graphical interface, there is a cool free tool by Intel Graphics for Linux that you can install, check it out: https://01.org/linuxgraphics/

To install it do as follows:

• Open Firefox and go to https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads
• Depending on the Ubuntu release (version 32 or 64 bits) download the matching software and install it.
• Once installed, find the newly installed application and run it. It will guide you through the process of configuring your system for Intel Graphics. Once done, you will need to restart your computer to load the new configuration.

If the computer crashes often during the boot process, there is a possibility that it is because of a defective memory (RAM) module. (There could be other reasons too naturally).

To check if the RAM module is working properly (memory modules) do as follows:

• Boot the system and press SHIFT at the same time.
• The GRUB menu will show up. Click on Memtest86 (memory test).
• The system will perform a memory test. At the end of this test, the defective parts (if any) will be listed and marked in red.

Hint: To know exactly which memory module is defective, you can remove all memory modules and check each of them individually by running the above test.

In some systems, the wired (cable) LAN interface may not be recognized. The symptom is that the interface shows up when you click on the network manager icon but it shows as deactivated. To get it to work, try the following:

• Open a terminal by pressing ALT+CTRL+T and type the following command: sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
• Check and change this line: managed=false → managed=true
• Save the file and restart the network manager: sudo service network-manager restart

To create a symbolic link:

Using the file manager. Open file manager PCMan, click on the folder or file, press CTRL+SHIFT and click on the folder/file at the same time, then drag and move it to the desktop or the location where you want to create the symbolic link.

Using a terminal. Open a terminal by pressing ALT+CTRL+T and type:

ln -s -t [path to location where you want to create the link] [folder or file that you want to link] (Enter)

For example: ln -s -t /home/labdoo/Desktop /home/labdoo/Public/videos

More information at: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/PCMan_File_Manager

MD5 is a common way to calculate checksums to test if a file was downloaded correctly. You can read more about MD5 here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5.

In the folders of your unzipped Labdoo images for cloning you will find a file MD5SUM. Use these files to check if the downloaded images are healthy and not corrupted by the download process as follows.

Check that the downloaded images are correct:

• Open a Lubuntu terminal
• Navigate to the folder where the files are located cd ...(path) [enter]
• Execute the commandmd5sum -c MD5SUM [enter]

Create MD5 checksums:

Open a terminal in the folder with the files and execute in a terminal
md5sum * > MD5SUM (Enter)

When you start (L)Ubuntu 16.04 LTS the first time in some cases it will not boot correctly. Boot process will stop. But you will be able to start using the "Recovery Mode". In other cases the laptops starts, but the resolution on screen is very poor (often 640 x 480 pixel). Both can be (often) solved:

Computer will not boot (hangs, black monitor)

• Keep the Shift-button pressed when turning laptop on, press again after the BIOS messages shown, until the Grub menu is shown (GRUB controls the start process). You will also see the GRUB menu if power (I/O) is turned off during a start process.
• Select "advanced options" and a Linux-Kernel and "Recovery-Start", just accept the next entries (press Enter) and log-in as labdoo user.
• Open a terminal and type sudo nano /etc/default/grub (Enter). This will open the GRUB configuration file. If you are not familiar with the nano editor can use leafpad instead sudo leafpad /etc/default/grub (Enter)
• First approach: Search for the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" and change it GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="nomodeset splash". Store and end editor (using nano editor by typing STRG/CTL and the letter o, then press Enter, next type STRG/CTL and x)
• Then open a terminal and type sudo update-grub (Enter). This will finally store the changes made within the GRUB configuration.
• Reboot computer. Often the computer will start now and you will see the user log-in.

Computer does not boot or graphical resolution is wrong

If the graphical resolution is wrong (usually too low) or if the computer will not boot, even you tried the hint above, try:

• Open a terminal and type sudo nano /etc/default/grub (Enter). This will open the GRUB configuration file. If you are not familiar with the nano editor can use leafpad instead sudo leafpad /etc/default/grub (Enter)
• Search the line # GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 and remove "#" at the beginning of the line. Change the pre-set resolution of "640x480" in the setting you need for the graphic resolution. Important: you may only use a resolution supported by your video card! You can get the possible resolution(s) as follows using the (L)Ubuntu desktop or Parted Magic:
• (L)Ubuntu Desktop: Menü Auswahl Preferences (Einstellungen) → ARandR → Outputs (Ausgabegerät) → default → Resolution (Auflösung) → zeigt die möglichen Auflösungen an
• Parted Magic:
• (L)Ubuntu Desktop: Menu, select Preferences → ARandR → Outputs → default → Resolution → will show available settings for resolution
• System Profiler → Display → Resolution
• Store the modification and end editor.
• Then open a terminal and type sudo update-grub (Enter). This will finally store the changes made within the GRUB configuration.

Having made these changes you have a good chance to start your laptops using (L)Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, showing a good resolution on screen.

The Image for Cloning "remembers" the keyboard layout of the computer, on which the image was generated. Usually Images are produced on computers having a German keyboard - sorry for that :( When you start a computer with a different keyboard layout you might have a problem to log-in properly. You are able to change the keyboard layout for each user after logging in. But that will not solve the problem. First you have to log-in and next you have to change a system setting.

Here is the layout of a German keyboard so you should be able to find the letters labdoo (our standard password to log-in). After logging in you should change the keyboard layout first and next change the keyboard system setting.

For LXDE/MATE and Log-in (Light-DM)

Having booted you are able to log-in. The computer will get the keyboard layout of the file /etc/default/keyboard. You change it as follows:

• Open a terminal,
• type sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard and press (Enter)
• in the terminal window search for the line XKBLAYOUT="de"
• change de to the keyboard layout you need e.g. en, fr etc.
• optional: Changing the next line XKBVARIANT="" you can add a country specific keyboard layout (e.g. "ch" für eine deutsch-schweizer Tastatur de-ch or a special Spanish variant etc.)
• Save modified file (Ctl/Strg + O (enter), close terminal by pressing Ctl/Strg + X)

Important: The keyboard layout for the users labdoo or student will not be changed by this setting. After logging in you can change the user keyboard as described here https://www.labdoo.org/content/post-installation-configuration.

The installation process was successful and you are able to boot, but when logging in you are only able to see a part of the screen (usually the upper right screen corner) with a poor resolution.

This could be because in the BIOS setting not enough RAM was allocated for the screen memory, e.g. 1 MB instead of 8 MB or more. Please check the bios and increase the memory allocated for the screen memory if necessary.

For the explained reasons and advantages, Labdoo uses the Linux operating system. However, some users prefer a graphical user interface (GUI) which looks like Windows so that the learning curve for some users is even lower. In this page you will find a guide on how to install and configure the Lubuntu GUI to look similar to Windows.

Those using Labdoo Images for Cloning can stop reading here, as the images are coming with pre-installed Windows 10 themes and icons that can be activated.

Installation

Windows 10-look alike user interface might be for instance downloaded from here:

• http://b00merang.weebly.com/windows-10-transformation-pack.html (download light and dark theme, icon set)
• alternative here https://github.com/Elbullazul/Windows-10 (as before)

Unpack the archive and move the files using superuser rights to these two folders (you can open a terminal with ALT+CTRL+T and then type sudo pcmanfm [enter] to open a file browser from where you can move the files):

• Move themes to /usr/share/themes
• Move icons to /usr/share/icons

Check the rights to access and update them, if needed (right click on the file, and select Properties → Permissions → View = anyone; change = only owner; Access = anyone).

Activate

In order to activate the new themes, click on the Lubuntu-start button on the left bottom corner of the screen and select Preferences → Customize Look and Feel → select in the tab widget the Windows theme → click on the icon theme and select Winx-x.x.x → close the window.

To undo / switch back to the default Linux theme just select another theme (Lubuntu-default) and icon theme (Lubuntu) or other layouts that you may like.

The tool to be installed is named NTP – Network Time Protocol (open a terminal: sudo apt-get install ntp → Enter or alternativ via the software center) for Network Time Protocol.

You don't have to adjust anything else. The time is taken from web server. You are able to define time zone and server. Online access is needed.

NTP is already part of the Labdoo images and install scripts.

1. If a computer is not able to boot and if you are not able to log-in sometimes you are still able to have access via terminal:

Either using CTL+ALT+t (if logged in), CTL+Alt+F3 or follow the GRUB information using the recovery mode:
sudo apt-get purge nvidia-current (Enter)
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic (Enter)
Reboot.

2. Preferences --> Additional Drivers --> wait a while and if proprietary drivers are offered for downlaod.
3. NVIDIA driversfrom PPA (source) of developer community

Herefor you have to add an additional source for software (PPA). Please be aware of potential risks of adding sources (PPA) to your computer:

CTL + ALT + F3 (in recovery mode) or CTL + Alt + t if logged-in opens terminal

log-in as user labdoo and password labdoo,
sudo su (enter) + Passwort labdoo eingeben (enter)

To add PPA for Ubuntu 14.04 / 13.10 / 13.04 / 12.10
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa (enter)

To add PPA for Ubuntu 12.04 / 11.10 / 11.04 / 10.04
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates (enter)

and:
sudo apt-get update (enter)
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings (enter)
sudo reboot (enter), um Laptop neu zu starten.

4. If your computer is older (built before 2004) it does not make sense as this card is not supported anymore. It is worth a try to use either Lubuntu 12.04 LTS or to use the Labdoo Image for cloning for Lubuntu 12.04 LTS.

Often you will read "open a terminal". Here is explained how to do so:

Either press at the same time the 3 keys CTL + Alt + t.

Or alternatively → System tools → click on UXterm or XTerm

The terminal window will be shown.

At the beginning of each line you can read name of the user @ name of the laptop, e.g. labdoo@labdoo-000004xxx. You are now able to type in your comands.

When executing a command line wait until you see again this beginning of a line.

To close a terminal either type “exit” → Enter eingeben, when the command is proceeded.

During the installation process of Lubuntu or during the boot process you are able to press CTL + Alt + F3 and you get access to the terminal level. Using CTL + Alt + F7 you get back.

If you update to newer linux kernels the old kernels stay on the disc. Each kernel need about 60 - 140 MB. To remove them you have to open a terminal:

To rmeove former Linux kernels execute in a terminal:

sudo dpkg -l | grep linux-image (Enter)

The result should look like

ii linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic 3.2.0-31.50 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic 3.2.0-32.51 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.2.0-33-generic 3.2.0-33.52 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 3.2.0.33.36

In this example you might delete the kernels 3.2.0-31 and 3.2.0-32 (the numbers might differ from your list, please exchange). The last 2 kernels with the higher release numbers shoud remain:

sudo apt-get remove --purge linux-image-3.2.0-31-generic (Enter)

Open a terminal (CTL + Alt + t) and execute

only to search and list: find ./ -type f name „Dateiname“ (Enter)

search and delete: find ./ -type f name „Dateiname“ -delete (Enter) (Be careful!!!)

When you are installing VirtualBox the first time manually please follow these steps (if you are cloning you can ignore this wiki page):

• installscript-virtualbox.sh (Script will install VirtualBox, a tool to run Windows or other opertaing systems as guest in a window; min. 2 GB RAM and Dual Core CPU recommended plus a legal license!)
• more information and steps are explained in the wiki Ubuntuusers.de (maybe some English Labdooer can add here a similar English wiki link?)

After having installed VirtualBox you have to add the matching Extension Pack. Important: Please make sure that the release number of VirtualBox and Extension Pack are identical! For this purpose, start VirtualBox (either using the icon on the bottom left Lubuntu --> Run --> virtualbox (Enter) or by Accessories --> VirtualBox) and open Help --> About VirtualBox to see the release-no. of VirtualBox. Next step is to open File --> Preferences --> Extensions to see the release-no. of the Oracle VM VitualBox Extension Pack. Both must match, if not please follow the steps explained below.

Update, Update to a higher VitualBox release number

If the VirtualBox is only patched without upgrading to a higher version n further actions have to be taken. In longer intervals the (L)Ubuntu distribution upgrades VirtualBox to a higher version number (most recently in December 2015 to 4.3.34). In such a case, the Extension Pack will not automatically be updated. For this purpose, proceed as follows:

To Update the Extension Pack
• open as described above File --> Preferences --> Extensions and delete the former installed Extension Pack (click on the blue square with the red X)
• Then download the matching Extension Pack from here https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads, "Open with VirtualBox", and follow the steps to install it, ready

Update of the iso-file for the virtual machines (VM)
• To add the Extension Pack to a virtual machine itself you have to update a file in a system folder:
• Open http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/ and navigate to the sub-folder, which matches with the release no. of your actual VirtualBox,
• download the file VBoxGuestAdditions_x.x.xx.iso (x.x.xx is actually 4.3.34) (it will be stored in the folder home/labdoo/Downloads),
• open a terminal and type gksu pcmanfm (Enter and password) to start the file-manager as super-user (you need that to modify system folders, be careful),
• navigate to the folder /home/labdoo/Downloads and change the name of the downloaded iso-file to VBoxGuestAdditions.iso (remove the version no. from the file name),
• open a 2nd tab in the file-manager (click on the "+" within a frame in the left upper corner), navigate in the 2nd tab to the folder /usr/share/virtualbox/. Here you will be only able to write, if you started the file-manager as super-user.
• Now copy the file VBoxGuestAdditions.iso from the folder /home/labdoo/Downloads into the folder /usr/share/virtualbox/ and overwrite the former iso-file. Ready, now everything is prepared to add the Extension Pack to a virtual machine (VM) in the future on this computer.

1. Initial Considerations.

Before you check for the cause of a non-functioning wireless card (WiFi) please check that:

• The wireless LAN (WiFi) function is properly activated via the hardware switch/slider (often on one side of the laptop) or via a function key on the computer keyboard,
• There is a wireless card (WiFi) installed (often we get laptop donations without a wireless card), see below Check which WiFi chip is installed and check the manufacturer name. In case there is no WiFi card installed you can add one or use a connection via LAN (cable).

Sometimes older or very new WiFi Cards are not recognized automatically. The following check list provides a set of steps that you can try to fix this situation.

2. Check list.

• Check if specific drivers are needed

Preferences → Software & Updates → Additional Drivers → wait a while
→ either "no additional drivers available" is hown → no further action should be needed, or
→ a list of availble drivers is shown → click the driver you want to use → Apply Changes

• Check which WiFi chip is installed and check the manufacturer name

Open a terminal and execute:
lspci | grep -i net (enter)
or
to show chip set and manufacturer:
lspci -nnk | grep -i net -A2 (enter)
or in case of using an USB Wifi stick:
lsusb (enter)
Note: Some build-in WiFi cards are recognized as an external USB, so if in doubt try also these commands.

To check if your WiFi card is supported:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported
http://linux-wless.passys.nl/
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Devices
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/WLAN/Karten
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Systeminformationen_ermitteln?redirect=no#Har...

• Check if the Broadcom WiFi chip is not detected

If your WiFi card is based on the Broadcom chip set you are able to install:
sudo apt-get update (enter)
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer (enter)

After rebooting the system it should work. If not activate the driver by hand:
sudo modprobe -r b43 bcma (enter)

• Try installing Linux Backport Modules

Linux Backport Modules can be installed to get support for many older Wifi cards. The Backport Modules are already part of Labdoo Image for Cloning and installscript-software.sh.

A detailed list of the supported WiFi cards can be found here:
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/WLAN/Linux-backports-modules
http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers

To install execute in a terminal:
for Lubuntu 12.04: sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-cw-3.6-$(uname -r) (Enter)
for Lubuntu 10.04: sudo apt-get install linux-backports-modules-wireless-$(uname -r) (Enter)
and for all Lubuntu versions: sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree (Enter)

If it does not work you can try:

• Try installing NdisWrapper

Details at: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/WLAN/NdisWrapper

Please check, if

• the 32 Bit or 64 Bit driver of the WiFi card matches with your Lubuntu version (32 or 64 Bit)
• the .inf file of the driver is enclosed, e.g. Intel encloses .inf only in the .zip version, not enclosed in the .exe!

Follow the instruction in the upper Wiki (please add here an English Wiki link).

If this does not work try:

• Try installing the native WiFi driver of the manufacturer.

Please search in web for more information.

Some acer laptops (and Medion in Germany) have special keys e.g. to activate WiFi, but these keys are not detected.

From Linux kernel 3.2 or Lubuntu 12.04 there is a core module wistron_btns, offering the same functionality as before acerhk (not needed anymore).

wistron_btns has the advantage that it is part of the kernel. So installing and compiling is not needed. And 64 Bit systems are supported as well.

To use and activate open a terminal and execute:
sudo modprobe -v wistron_btns (enter)

Taken from: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Acer_Hotkeys

There is the tool apt-offline. You can download an update at a place, where you have access to internet, e.g. at home. apt-offline allows you to easily upgrade or install new packages on your offline PC, by using another online PC.

To Install apt-offline (execute in a terminal, press ENTER):
sudo apt-get install apt-offline (Enter)

Upgrading:
On the offline PC: sudo apt-offline set /tmp/apt-offline.sig
On the online PC: sudo apt-offline get C:\apt-offline.sig --bug-reports --threads 5
On the offline PC: sudo apt-offline install /media/USB/apt-offline.zip

Installing
On the offline PC: sudo apt-offline set abuse-offline.sig --install-packages abuse --src-build-dep --install-src-packages abuse
On the online PC: sudo apt-offline get abuse-offline.sig --no-checksum --bundle abuse-offline.zip
On the offline PC: sudo apt-offline install /media/USB/abuse-offline.zip

More info
http://apt-offline.alioth.debian.org/
http://www.debian-administration.org/article/Offline_Package_Management_...
http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php&p=10198406&postcount=5

The following hints were taken from
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/aptitude
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Paketverwaltung/Problembehebung
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/apt/apt-get

The installation was interupted unpredictable:
sudo dpkg --configure -a (Enter, Password Enter)

“Broken” packages are reported, repare:
sudo apt-get install -f (Enter, Password Enter)

Update without upgrading to a new ubuntu release
sudo apt-get install dist-upgrade (Enter, Password Enter)

Repare “broken” packages or to delete the cache of the program list:
sudo apt-get clean (Enter, Password Enter)

To reload the program list again
sudo aptitude -f install (Enter, Password Enter)

Package administration is not usable anymore
Should the package administration become unusable during an upgrade or dist-upgrade you can use:
sudo aptitude -f install (Enter, Password Enter)

After an update of the existing installation:
sudo aptitude safe-upgrade -f (Enter, Password Enter)

After running a version upgrade to a new ubuntu version:
sudo aptitude full-upgrade -f (Enter, Password Enter)

After these statements you should always run
sudo dpkg --configure -a (Enter, Password Enter)

Open References → Monitor stettings for a first information. Open a terminal:

Show name / chip set:
lspci -nnk | grep -i VGA -A2 (Enter)

driver version
Show driver name and release version:
glxinfo | grep 'OpenGL version string' (Enter)

graphic mode (resolution)
Show the resolution set and all possible screen resolutions and the interfaces:
xrandr (Enter)

To install Skype the source "Canonical Partners" must be activated. Otherwise you will get the message "Skype cannot be found".

Hint: If you installed the computer using Cloning of Images it is NOT necessary to activate the Canonical partners programs, as that was already done within the image. Please proceed to the next chapter.

Activate source Canonical Partners

Click on the Lubuntu-Icon (Start) in the lower left corner → System Tools → Lubuntu Software Center → click on the tool symbol in the right upper corner of this window (sometime click on the triangle first to show the tool symbol) → in the window opening click on "Open Software Properties" → click on Tab "Other Software" → make a hook to select "Canonical Partners", you will be asked for the administrator password → click on Close → there is a suggestion to re-laod the software list, please do so.

If you have added Canonical Partners you can start to install Skype:

Installing Skype

Open a terminal and type

sudo apt-get install skype (Enter, tayp password, Enter, answer next question using y)

Only to make sure, if you get the message "Skype not found": Did you add the Canonical Partner Programs as recommended above? Another reason might be you missed to update the software list. so open a terminal and execute sudo apt-get update (Enter).

To get a Skype start icon on the desktop:

Click on the Lubuntu-Start Logo in the left lower corner → click on "Internet" → the list of internet programs will be shown → right mouse click on Skype → Left mouse click on "Add to desktop" → a double click on the Skype icon on the desktop will start Skype.

More details → https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Skype

If the standard monitor settings of Lubuntu do not fulfil your needs try the tool ARandR, e.g. when you connect a 2nd monitor or a beamer.
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/RandR#Grafische-Werkzeuge
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Lubuntu/MultiDisplay
ARandR offers you a nice user interfaces and advanced options e.g. to make both screens work as one large monitor or as two separted.

Since September 2015 ARandR is part of Labdoo Images for Cloning and of installschript-software.sh.

You can install ARandA as follows:

either
• open a terminal,
• sudo apt-get install ARandR (Enter, password, enter)

or

• via the Lubuntu Software Centre

Note: the following is only needed for Lubuntu 12.04 LTS, since in lubuntu 14.04 LTS keyboard layout switching works well without this.

In version 12.04, Lubuntu / LXDE comes without no tool to switch keyboard layout. With the tool lxkeymap it can be solved easily.

To install lxkeymap open a terminal [ALT+CTRL+T] and execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install lxkeymap [Enter]

Open in menu "settings" -> Lxkeymap

There is a known bug in 12.04 LTS which does not allow to use several keyboard layouts in parallel. Just open Lxkeymap and manually switch the keyboard layout. In 14.04 LTS this bug is fixed and also lxkeymap is not needed.

When installing Lubuntu-Installation the first user created is labdoo (who is also administrator and should be reserved for the teachers, as this user may destroy the system by mistake). If you install via cloning or if you use the installation scripts the additional user student will be created automatically.

The user student kas less rights, e.g. is not able to install or delete software and is not able to destroy the system.

Here is the manuel way, how to create a user student:

Start here → System Tools → User + Groups → unlock → +add user → system password (labdoo) → student as name, e.g. withpassword labdoo → Account Type = Standard (as suggested) → Create → click on password (account disabled) → input of password labdoo and acknowledge → Change → optional: cahnge language of user student.

Open a terminal and type (by executing this zhe user student will become member of the group labdoo):
sudo usermod -aG labdoo student (Enter)

Please note:
Each new user takes disc space. So please do not create more users.

As a standard user you are not able to destroy a system by mistake (or at least it is very hard). The user labdoo (administrator) should only be used by teachers.

Each user has his own folder and files in the directory /home/....(name of the user). But the folder home/labdoo/Public is a public folder. All users should have access here. To go there open the file explorer → filesystem → home → labdoo → folder /Public (you can add a bookmark to navigate here more easily).

If you add content of your own in /Public there is a script http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/installskripts/set-rights-folder-f... to ensure all rights are set correctly.

In addition there is the user guest. guest needs no password to log-in. But guest is not able to change or store anything. When logging out all his input will be deleted automatically.

You should not need a virus scanner using Lubuntu. Linux usually needs no virus scanner due to the Linux security concept. There are very few viruses for Linux desktop in the web. Nevertheless some companies offer virus scanner for Linux, e.g. for file server being used also by Windows clients.

Also some edoovillages asked to have a tool to scan USB disc drives of pupils to remove viruses from USB drives of the students. So please install ClamAV for your projects (ClamAV will be installed if you use the installationskript or images for cloning).

So we recommend the license free, open source virus scanner ClamAV
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ClamAV

Open a terminal and execute:
sudo apt-get install clamav clamav-freshclam clamav-docs clamav-daemon clamtk (Enter)

And you should install the Firefox Plugin Fireclam, so downloads will be automaticaly checked on viruses using ClamAV.

There are several ways to get an USB-disc drive (stick) with Knoppix Adriane software and educational content for blind users:

1. you can ask Labdoo to send out a ready installed USB-disc drive (stick) by sending a m to Labdoo-DACHqLabdoo.org (only for Austria, Germany and Switzerland). Tell us how many USB-Discs you need and your postal address. Please understand that we have to cover the costs by donations.
2. Or you produce an USB-disc drive yourself (only recommended for advanced users!) It will NOT WORK to copy an USB-disc to another USB-disc using a file manager. Some important data like boot information (MBR) will not be copied and will not be able to boot this stick. Labdoo recommends minimum 16 GB USB 2.0 disc drives to store Knoppix Adriane, local Wikipedia for Schools and ca. 4 GB free space for user data.

You can get another USB disc drive

• by copying a pre-installed USB-disc drive to another drive using Linux and the dd command (for details see below) or
• download an image and restore it using dd command..

• Copy one pre-installed USB-disc drive to another (only for experienced users)

You have got a pre-installed USB-disc drive Knoppix Adriane by Labdoo? Then buy an USB-disc drive (min. 16 GB). As only very few of the computer abroad have USB 3.0 slots we recommend to buy fast USB 2.0 disc drives. On older hardware USB 3.0 discs might not be recognized.

You have got a Labdoo- or Linux laptop? Perfect, then you have got everything you need. Start the Labdoo-/Linux computer and log-in as user labdoo. Important: First plug-in the pre-installed origin USB-disc (which you want to copy, will usually get the name /sdb), next plug-in the USB drive you want to copy to (will get drive /sdc etc.) You are also able to copy several sticks at the same time (will become drive /sdd, /sde etc).

Open a terminal and run lsblk -f (Enter). This will give you a list of all available drives. Drive /sda (mit den Partionen /sda1, /sda2 usw.) is the internal drive of the laptop. Never touch that! Leave it as it is!

Next step is to run in a terminal:
sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc status=progress Enter; this will copy all data from the origin USB drive (/sdb) to the target USB drive (/sdc etc.). This will last a while...

Attention: the command dd is helpful, but dangerous! Check always, if origin and target drive are correct. Otherweise you might delete your own computer's data be mistake. We recommend not to use your own computer, but a Labdoo computer. dd is available on each Linux computer.

• Re-store an image Knoppix_Adriane_dd_xx.gz using dd to an USB disc drive (only recommended for experienced users)

Download from the Labdoo FTP-Server the images, created using dd: http://ftp.labdoo.org/download/images/ (the images are named Knoppix_Adriane_dd_xx.gz, xx being space-holder for the language, EN = Englisch, FR = Französisch, DE = Deutsch, ES = Spanisch)

Store the downloaded, zipped file in your home directory (/home/labdoo). You don't need to unzip it first. Next step is to connect the target USB disc drive to the computer, open a terminal and execute

1. lsblk -f (Enter), to check if all drives are connected (in most cases the internal disc of the computer is /sda (do not delete that one!) and the connected USB disc drive becomes /sdb, /sdc etc.
2. sudo gunzip -c Knoppix_Adriane_dd_xx.gz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdb status=progress (Enter, xx = space-holder for the language, replace accordingly). This will unzip and copy all data of the image to the USB drive. Change drive name accordingly if needed, e.g. /sdb in /sdc etc. if copying several USB drives in parallel

After copying all data to a new USN drive you can unmount (remove secure) and shut down the computer. To use this new USB drive with a computer we recommend to change the boot sequence in BIOS settings. The USB-disc (stick) should be placed (get a higher boot priority) before the internal disc drive. Otherwise you can select manually the boot media each time you boot (often press F12). But for blind users this might be difficult.

• Internal: Create an image using Shell and dd (only recommended for experienced users!)

To get an image from an ready installed USB disc drive with Knoppix Adriane use dd as well. In most cases the USB disc, to copy from, has the address / drive name /sdb (might change, so please check).

Create image by terminal (shell)
• Open a terminal and execute sudo dd if=/dev/sdb status=progress | gzip --best >Knoppix_Adriane_dd_xx.gz (Enter, replace xx by the language code you need). This will copy a zipped image file Knoppix_Adriane_dd_xx.gz an (ca. 12 GB) to your home directory /home/labdoo.